مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	جبر نقشه	تحلیل تصمیم چندمعیاره مبتنی بر سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS-MCDA)	شاخص‌های الگوی منظر (Landscape Pattern Metrics)
حوزه	تحلیل فضایی	تحلیل فضایی	تحلیل فضایی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990	2006	1988
پدیدآور	Dana Tomlin	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	R. V. O'Neill et al.; McGarigal & Marks (FRAGSTATS)
نوع	Raster spatial analysis framework	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Quantitative landscape pattern description
منبع بنیادین	Tomlin, C. D. (1990). Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 978-0-13-350927-4	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	O'Neill, R. V., et al. (1988). Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology, 1(3), 153–162.
نام‌های دیگر	Cartographic Modeling, Raster Algebra, Grid Algebra, Harita Cebiri	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	landscape pattern indices, FRAGSTATS metrics, fragmentation indices, peyzaj metrikleri
مرتبط	3	4	3
خلاصه	Map Algebra is a rule-based language and computational framework for deriving new raster layers from existing ones by applying arithmetic, logical, or statistical operations cell by cell or across neighborhoods. Formalized by Dana Tomlin in 1990, it is the foundational algebraic system underlying raster GIS analysis and is widely used in environmental science, urban planning, hydrology, and land-use modeling whenever spatially explicit calculations on gridded data are required.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Landscape metrics are quantitative indices that describe the composition and spatial configuration of a categorical map — typically land cover — at the patch, class, and whole-landscape levels. Developed in landscape ecology (O'Neill and colleagues, 1988) and made widely usable by the FRAGSTATS software, they turn maps into numbers like patch density, edge density, fragmentation, diversity, and connectivity for ecological, planning, and change analysis.