مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ابزار غربالگری سوءتغذیه (MST)	مقیاس بالینی شکنندگی (CFS)	مقیاس ارزیابی خطر آسیب فشاری واترلو
حوزه	پرستاری	پرستاری	پرستاری
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1999	2005	1985
پدیدآور	Michelle Ferguson	Kenneth Rockwood	Judy Waterlow
نوع	Patient self-report screening tool	Clinician-rated frailty assessment	Clinician-rated risk assessment tool
منبع بنیادین	Ferguson, M., Capra, S., Bauer, J., & Banks, M. (1999). Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. Nutrition, 15(6), 458-464.	Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ, 173(5), 489-495.	Waterlow, J. (1985). A risk assessment tool for pressure sores. Nursing Times, 81(48), 49-55.
نام‌های دیگر	MST, Malnutrition Screening, Nutritional Risk Screen	CFS, Frailty Scale, Clinical Frailty Assessment	Waterlow Scale, Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment, Waterlow Score
مرتبط	3	3	3
خلاصه	The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), developed by Michelle Ferguson and colleagues in 1999, is a brief, validated screening instrument designed to identify hospitalized patients at risk for malnutrition. The tool consists of two simple questions about recent unintentional weight loss and reduced food intake, yielding a quick numerical score. Since its publication, the MST has become widely adopted in acute hospitals, residential aged care facilities, and community settings as a rapid, reliable first-line screen for nutritional risk.	The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), developed by Kenneth Rockwood and colleagues in 2005, is a brief, validated tool for assessing frailty in older adults. Frailty—a syndrome of diminished physiologic reserve, increased vulnerability, and reduced functional ability—is recognized as a distinct clinical state that predicts mortality, disability, and healthcare utilization independent of age and comorbidities. The CFS uses a seven-point (or nine-point in later versions) clinical judgment-based scale, making it practical and rapid for bedside use in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care.	The Waterlow Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale, developed by Judy Waterlow in 1985, is a widely used clinical tool in nursing for identifying patients at risk of developing pressure injuries (formerly called pressure ulcers or bedsores). The scale evaluates multiple risk factors including age, mobility, skin condition, weight/body mass index, appetite, and incontinence status, generating a numerical risk score that guides preventive care intensity. It is standard in hospital, long-term care, and community nursing settings across the United Kingdom, Europe, and internationally.