مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Lowry Land-Use Transport Model	Accessibility Analysis
حوزه	Human Geography	Human Geography
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1964	1959
پدیدآور	Ira S. Lowry	Walter G. Hansen
نوع	Spatial-interaction-based land-use and activity allocation model of a metropolitan area	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
منبع بنیادین	Lowry, I. S. (1964). A Model of Metropolis (RM-4035-RC). RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
نام‌های دیگر	Lowry Model, Model of Metropolis, Lowry-Garin Model, Land-Use Transport Interaction Model	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Lowry model is the foundational operational model of urban land use, allocating where people live and where services locate around a given pattern of basic employment using spatial-interaction (gravity) distribution. Devised by Ira S. Lowry at the RAND Corporation in 1964 as 'A Model of Metropolis', it treats the city as a system in which basic jobs attract resident workers, those residents demand local services, and the resulting service jobs attract still more residents — a chain solved by iteration until the whole system balances. It launched the entire field of land-use and transport interaction modelling.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.