مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	گروه کانونی طولی	روش خاطره‌نویسی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1940s (focus groups); longitudinal variant refined 1980s–1990s	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)
پدیدآور	Adapted from Robert K. Merton's focused interview tradition; longitudinal design developed in social and health sciences	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)
نوع	Qualitative longitudinal data collection	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761903437	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415
نام‌های دیگر	repeated focus group, panel focus group, longitudinal FG, follow-up focus group	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	A longitudinal focus group convenes the same group of participants in multiple sessions over an extended period — weeks, months, or years — to trace how their attitudes, experiences, or interpretations evolve in response to changing circumstances. Unlike a single focus group snapshot, the repeated-contact design captures the dynamics of opinion and meaning-making across time, making it particularly valuable in health, policy, and social research where change is the phenomenon of interest.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.