مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش زندگینامه‌ای طولی	تاریخ شفاهی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s (consolidated as a named approach ca. 2000)	1948 (modern disciplinary form); broader roots in 19th-century folklore and anthropology
پدیدآور	Tom Wengraf, Prue Chamberlayne, Joanna Bornat (BNIM tradition); also Robert Miller and Rita Charon in parallel strands	Allan Nevins (Columbia University Oral History Project, 1948); earlier roots in folk-life and anthropological fieldwork
نوع	Qualitative longitudinal research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative Research Interviewing: Biographic Narrative and Semi-Structured Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761953517	Ritchie, D. A. (2003). Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195176957
نام‌های دیگر	LBR, longitudinal narrative research, biographical-longitudinal method, repeated biographical interviewing	life history interview, oral testimony, spoken history, oral narrative research
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Longitudinal Biographical Research (LBR) is a qualitative approach that combines in-depth biographical or narrative interviewing with a repeated, time-extended data-collection design. Participants are interviewed at multiple time points — sometimes years apart — so that researchers can trace how individuals construct, revise, and re-narrate their life stories as circumstances change. The method captures both the content of life histories and the dynamic process through which meaning is made and remade over time.	Oral history is a qualitative research method that collects, preserves, and interprets first-person spoken accounts of past events, experiences, and social processes. By recording in-depth interviews with individuals who witnessed or participated in historical events, oral historians document perspectives that written records often exclude. The method bridges historical scholarship and social science, treating the narrator's memory, subjectivity, and voice as primary evidence rather than as limitations to be corrected.