مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	خوشه‌بندی K-means	مدل آمیخته گاوسی منظم شده
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	1967 (formalized 1982)	2000s–2010s
پدیدآور	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (regularization formalized); sklearn team (practical reg_covar parameter)
نوع	Partitional clustering	Probabilistic clustering with regularization
منبع بنیادین	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (2002). Model-based clustering, discriminant analysis, and density estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(458), 611–631.
نام‌های دیگر	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	Regularized GMM, GMM with covariance regularization, stabilized Gaussian mixture model, penalized GMM
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	A Regularized Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) adds a small positive constant to the diagonal of each component covariance matrix during the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, preventing singular or near-singular matrices that cause numerical failures when the data are sparse, high-dimensional, or contain near-duplicate observations.