مقایسهٔ روشها
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| نظریه پاسخ به سنجش (IRT)× | توسعه مقیاس× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1952–1968 | 1991–1995 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) | Multiple contributors; codified by Robert DeVellis and Lee Anna Clark & David Watson |
| نوع≠ | Probabilistic measurement model | Multi-step methodological framework |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569 |
| نامهای دیگر | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory | questionnaire construction, instrument development, measurement scale construction, psychometric scale building |
| مرتبط | 5 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. | Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence collection — producing a final set of items suitable for quantitative research. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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