مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس دینداری درونی-بیرونی (مقیاس I/E)	شاخص دینداری دانشگاه دوک (DUREL)
حوزه	روان‌شناسی دین	روان‌شناسی دین
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1967	2010
پدیدآور	Gordon W. Allport & J. Michael Ross	Harold G. Koenig & Arndt Büssing
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443.	Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemical studies. Religions, 1(1), 78–85.
نام‌های دیگر	I/E Scale, Allport-Ross Scale	DUREL
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The I/E Scale, originally developed by Allport and Ross in 1967, is a foundational measure in the psychology of religion that distinguishes between two motivational orientations toward religion: intrinsic (religion as end in itself, source of meaning) versus extrinsic (religion as means to social, personal, or practical ends). This conceptual distinction has profoundly influenced decades of research on religious prejudice, moral behavior, and health outcomes. The original 20-item version has been refined to a 14-item form (I/E-Revised) that improves psychometric properties while maintaining theoretical clarity.	The DUREL is a brief, five-item self-report measure of religious involvement developed by Koenig and Büssing in 2010. Designed specifically for epidemiological and health services research, it captures three dimensions of religiosity: organizational religious activity (church attendance), non-organizational religious activity (private prayer and study), and intrinsic religiosity (religious motivation and meaning). The scale is widely used in gerontology, medical sociology, and health outcomes research to assess how religious engagement correlates with physical and mental well-being.