مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی ذاتی	پژوهش عملیاتی	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995	1946	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Robert E. Stake	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0803957671	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	intrinsic case research, bounded case study, particularistic case inquiry, single intrinsic case	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	6	1	6
خلاصه	Intrinsic case study is a qualitative research method developed by Robert E. Stake in which a single, bounded case is studied in depth for its own inherent interest — not to illustrate a theory or to generalize, but because the case itself is unusual, revealing, or otherwise worthy of close attention. The researcher seeks a thick, holistic understanding of the particular: its context, its actors, its processes, and what makes it distinctively what it is.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.