مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قابلیت اطمینان بین ارزیاب (کاپای کوهن و ضریب همبستگی درون‌گروهی)	ضریب کاپای کوهن	کاپای فلیس برای توافق بین چند ارزیاب
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)	1960	1971
پدیدآور	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)	Jacob Cohen	Joseph L. Fleiss
نوع	Reliability / agreement analysis	Inter-rater reliability coefficient	Non-parametric agreement measure
منبع بنیادین	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Fleiss, J.L. (1971). Measuring Nominal Scale Agreement Among Many Raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 378–382.
نام‌های دیگر	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)	kappa coefficient, kappa statistic, Cohen's Kappa (Değerlendiriciler Arası Uyum)	multi-rater kappa, Fleiss kappa, Fleiss' Kappa (Çoklu Değerlendirici Uyumu)
مرتبط	6	3	2
خلاصه	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.	Cohen's kappa (κ) is a statistical measure of inter-rater reliability for categorical classifications, introduced by Jacob Cohen in 1960. Unlike simple percent agreement, kappa corrects for the level of agreement that would be expected purely by chance, making it the standard metric when two raters independently assign observations to the same set of mutually exclusive categories.	Fleiss' Kappa is a non-parametric statistic for measuring the degree of agreement among three or more raters who classify items into mutually exclusive nominal categories. Introduced by Joseph L. Fleiss in 1971 as a generalization of Cohen's Kappa beyond two raters, it corrects observed agreement for the level of agreement expected by chance alone, making it the standard reliability index in medical diagnosis studies, content analysis, and multi-coder research.