مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قابلیت اطمینان بین ارزیاب (کاپای کوهن و ضریب همبستگی درون‌گروهی)	تحلیل مقایسه روش بلاند-آلتمن	کاپای فلیس برای توافق بین چند ارزیاب
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)	1986	1971
پدیدآور	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)	J. Martin Bland & Douglas G. Altman	Joseph L. Fleiss
نوع	Reliability / agreement analysis	Graphical and statistical method comparison	Non-parametric agreement measure
منبع بنیادین	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Bland, J.M. & Altman, D.G. (1986). Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement. Lancet, 327(8476), 307–310.	Fleiss, J.L. (1971). Measuring Nominal Scale Agreement Among Many Raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 378–382.
نام‌های دیگر	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)	Bland-Altman plot, limits of agreement analysis, method agreement analysis, Bland-Altman Uyum Analizi	multi-rater kappa, Fleiss kappa, Fleiss' Kappa (Çoklu Değerlendirici Uyumu)
مرتبط	6	5	2
خلاصه	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.	The Bland-Altman analysis is a graphical and statistical technique for assessing agreement between two measurement methods applied to the same subjects. Introduced by J. Martin Bland and Douglas G. Altman in their landmark 1986 Lancet paper, it plots the difference between the two methods against their mean for each subject, and derives the bias (mean difference) along with limits of agreement (LoA) that capture 95% of differences in the population.	Fleiss' Kappa is a non-parametric statistic for measuring the degree of agreement among three or more raters who classify items into mutually exclusive nominal categories. Introduced by Joseph L. Fleiss in 1971 as a generalization of Cohen's Kappa beyond two raters, it corrects observed agreement for the level of agreement expected by chance alone, making it the standard reliability index in medical diagnosis studies, content analysis, and multi-coder research.