مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مرور یکپارچه	ترکیب فراتحلیلی کیفی (Qualitative Meta-Synthesis)
حوزه	علم‌سنجی	ترکیب شواهد
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005 (updated methodology); roots in Cooper (1982)	2007
پدیدآور	Robin Whittemore & Kathleen Knafl	Sandelowski & Barroso (2007), Popularized by Thomas & Harden (2008)
نوع	Systematic review method	Framework
منبع بنیادین	Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546–553.	Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 45.
نام‌های دیگر	integrative literature review, integrative research review, ILR, integrative synthesis	Qualitative Evidence Synthesis, Thematic Synthesis, Metasynthesis, Qualitative Systematic Review
مرتبط	6	2
خلاصه	An integrative review is a systematic method for synthesising literature that allows the simultaneous inclusion of diverse study designs — experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental — as well as theoretical papers. Unlike the conventional systematic review, which is restricted to controlled trials or a single methodology, the integrative review builds a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon by drawing on the full breadth of the relevant evidence base. The method follows a rigorous, structured pipeline to ensure transparency and minimise bias.	Qualitative meta-synthesis is a systematic method for synthesizing findings from multiple qualitative research studies (interviews, focus groups, ethnographies) to develop integrated interpretations and theoretical insights. Formalized by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) and popularized by Thomas and Harden (2008), qualitative meta-synthesis preserves the rich, contextual, interpretive nature of qualitative evidence while enabling broader conclusions across multiple studies. Unlike quantitative meta-analysis, which pools numbers, qualitative meta-synthesis synthesizes themes, meanings, and conceptual insights—answering questions like 'How do cancer patients experience treatment side effects?' or 'What factors shape patient engagement with preventive health programs?' across multiple studies.