مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Information Horizons Mapping	Sense-Making Methodology
حوزه	Library Information Science	Library Information Science
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2001	1998
پدیدآور	Diane H. Sonnenwald (with Barbara Wildemuth & Glenn Harmon)	Brenda Dervin
نوع	Elicitation method using participant-drawn maps of information sources within a context	Methodology and metaphor for studying how people make sense across discontinuity
منبع بنیادین	Sonnenwald, D. H., Wildemuth, B. M., & Harmon, G. L. (2001). A research method to investigate information seeking using the concept of information horizons: An example from a study of lower socio-economic students' information seeking behavior. The New Review of Information Behaviour Research, 2, 65-86.	Dervin, B. (1998). Sense-making theory and practice: an overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2(2), 36-46.
نام‌های دیگر	Information Horizon Maps, Sonnenwald Information Horizons, Information Source Horizon Method, Horizon Mapping Interview	Dervin Sense-Making, Situation-Gap-Use Model, Sense-Making Approach, Gap-Bridging Methodology
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Information Horizons Mapping is a research method developed by Diane Sonnenwald and colleagues, formalized in their 2001 paper in The New Review of Information Behaviour Research, for studying how people seek information within a specific context. Grounded in Sonnenwald's theory of information horizons — the idea that, in any given situation, an individual perceives a 'horizon' of information resources (people, documents, tools, systems) that they may consult — the method asks participants to draw a map of those sources for a particular information need and to explain it. By analyzing which sources appear, how close or central they are placed, how they relate to one another, and why some are included or excluded, researchers gain a situated, participant-centered picture of information-seeking behaviour that goes beyond simple source-use surveys.	Sense-Making Methodology, developed by Brenda Dervin from the 1970s onward and synthesized in her 1998 overview, is a theory and method for studying how people construct meaning as they move through life and are repeatedly stopped by gaps in their understanding. Its central metaphor pictures a person moving through time-space, halted at a moment of discontinuity (a gap), and building a bridge across it by seeking and using information. Rather than classifying users by demographic traits, Sense-Making asks what situation a person was in, what gap or question they faced, and what help or use they sought — the situation-gap-use triad — elicited through the distinctive Time-Line and Micro-Moment interview. The approach reframes information not as an objective thing transmitted but as a construction people make sense of in context.