مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحقیق مبتنی بر آزمون فرض: طرح پژوهشی تأییدی کمی	پژوهش آزمون مدل
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	طراحی پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Early 20th century (Fisher 1925; Neyman–Pearson 1933)	1970s (Joreskog 1969–1973); widely adopted in social sciences by the 1980s–1990s
پدیدآور	Karl Pearson, Ronald A. Fisher, Jerzy Neyman, Egon Pearson	Karl G. Joreskog (SEM/LISREL framework); formalized through structural equation modeling tradition
نوع	Quantitative confirmatory research design	Confirmatory quantitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030417603	Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462523344
نام‌های دیگر	hypothetico-deductive research, confirmatory quantitative research, null hypothesis significance testing, NHST design	model-based research, structural model testing, theory-testing research, MTR
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Hypothesis testing research is a quantitative design in which the investigator derives one or more explicit, falsifiable propositions from theory, translates them into a null hypothesis (H0) and an alternative hypothesis (H1), collects empirical data, and then applies an inferential statistical test to decide whether the evidence is sufficient to reject H0. The approach is the dominant paradigm for confirmatory science across the social, behavioral, health, and natural sciences.	Model testing research is a confirmatory quantitative design in which the researcher specifies a theoretical model — depicting hypothesized relationships among constructs — and then tests how well that model fits empirical data. Drawing primarily on structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), it evaluates whether the data-implied covariance structure is consistent with the theoretically derived one, yielding fit indices that indicate model-data correspondence.