مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل هاف	Migration Models (Push-Pull / Multiregional)
حوزه	تحلیل فضایی	جمعیت‌شناسی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1964	1966
پدیدآور	David Huff	Everett Lee
نوع	Probabilistic spatial interaction model	Theoretical-quantitative migration framework
منبع بنیادین	Huff, D. L. (1964). Defining and estimating a trading area. Journal of Marketing, 28(3), 34–38.	Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57.
نام‌های دیگر	Huff Gravity Model, Probabilistic Retail Gravity Model, Huff Trade Area Model, Huff Çekim Modeli	Push-Pull Migration Theory, Multiregional Migration Model, Lee Migration Framework, Göç Modelleri
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Proposed by David Huff in 1964, the Huff Model is a probabilistic spatial interaction model that estimates the likelihood that consumers located in a given geographic zone will choose to shop at a particular retail outlet. It extends deterministic gravity models by assigning each consumer zone a probability of patronage across all competing stores, weighting store attractiveness (typically measured by floor area) against the friction of travel time or distance. The model is widely used in retail site selection, trade area delineation, and market share forecasting.	Migration models are quantitative frameworks for explaining and forecasting population movement between geographic units. Lee's (1966) push-pull theory classifies factors at origin and destination into positive and negative forces, modulated by intervening obstacles. Widely used by demographers, regional planners, and policy researchers to project labor mobility, refugee flows, and urbanization trends across national and subnational geographies.