مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش آرشیوی تاریخی	روش تاریخ شفاهی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	روش‌های میدانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	19th century (formalized ~1820s–1880s)	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
پدیدآور	Historians and archivists; systematised through the professionalization of historical scholarship in the 19th century	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
نوع	Qualitative primary-source research	Qualitative historical-empirical method
منبع بنیادین	Hill, M. R. (1993). Archival Strategies and Techniques. Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0803951853	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
نام‌های دیگر	archival research, historical document analysis, archival history, primary source research	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Historical archival research is a systematic method of investigating the past through the critical examination of primary source documents preserved in archives, libraries, and institutional collections. Researchers locate, access, authenticate, and interpret original records — such as government documents, correspondence, diaries, maps, and institutional files — to reconstruct events, trace processes, and build evidence-based historical arguments. It is foundational to historiography and widely applied across humanities and social science disciplines.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.