مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	HEC-RAS	تصویربرداری مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی	معادله جهانی از دست رفتن خاک
حوزه	ژئوفیزیک	ژئوفیزیک	ژئوفیزیک
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995	1996	1978
پدیدآور	US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center	Loke and Barker	Waldo Wischmeier and Dwight Smith
نوع	1D/2D river hydraulics and flood inundation modeling	Active source resistivity mapping and subsurface imaging	Empirical soil erosion prediction model
منبع بنیادین	Brunner, G. W. (2010). HEC-RAS river analysis system hydraulic reference manual. US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center.	Loke, M. H., & Barker, R. D. (1996). Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method. Geophysical Prospecting, 44(1), 131-152.	Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. USDA Agricultural Handbook 537.
نام‌های دیگر	HEC-RAS	ERT	USLE, Revised USLE
مرتبط	3	3	3
خلاصه	HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System) is a hydraulic modeling software developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers that computes water surface elevation and velocity in open channels and floodplains, and depicts inundation extent and depth. Since its introduction in 1995, HEC-RAS has become the de facto standard for floodplain delineation, dam break analysis, and flood risk assessment for regulatory and engineering purposes.	Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is an active-source geophysical method that maps the spatial distribution of electrical resistivity in the subsurface by injecting current between two electrodes and measuring potential differences across an array of receiver electrodes. Advanced as a practical technique by Loke and Barker in 1996, ERT has become standard for hydrogeological, environmental, and structural characterization due to its sensitivity to fluid saturation and salt content.	The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empirical model that estimates annual soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion on hillslopes caused by rainfall and runoff. Developed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1978 from decades of erosion plot experiments, USLE has become a standard tool for erosion risk assessment, conservation planning, and best management practice design. The Revised USLE (RUSLE) updated the original model with improved factor algorithms.