مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مانور کمک گرانشی (یا عبور از کنار)	تعیین مدار (مسئله لامبرت)
حوزه	فیزیک کاربردی	فیزیک کاربردی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1961	1761
پدیدآور	Michael Minovitch	Johann Heinrich Lambert
نوع	Orbital maneuver technique	Orbital computation algorithm
منبع بنیادین	Minovitch, M. A. (1961). The determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary gravitational fields. Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.	Lambert, J. H. (1761). Acta Helvetica. Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica.
نام‌های دیگر	swing-by, gravitational slingshot	Lambert's problem, Lambert-Godstein trajectory problem
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	A gravity assist (or swing-by) maneuver uses the gravitational field of a planet or other celestial body to alter a spacecraft's trajectory and velocity without expending fuel. Discovered by Michael Minovitch at JPL in 1961, this technique is crucial for reaching distant planets economically. It works by exploiting the relative motion between the spacecraft, the assisting body, and the Sun.	Lambert's problem is a classical astrodynamics boundary-value problem that determines an orbit connecting two points in space given a transfer time. Formulated by Johann Heinrich Lambert in the 18th century, it is fundamental to trajectory design for interplanetary missions and spacecraft maneuvers. The solution provides the orbital elements and velocities needed to transition between two positions.