مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Global Deterioration Scale	Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
حوزه	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
خانواده	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1982	1993
پدیدآور	Barry Reisberg, Steven H. Ferris, Mony J. de Leon, and Thomas Crook	Andreas E. Stuck, Laurence Z. Rubenstein and colleagues (meta-analytic synthesis)
نوع	Ordinal clinical staging scale for cognitive decline	Multidimensional interdisciplinary diagnostic and care-planning process
منبع بنیادین	Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(9), 1136-1139.	Stuck, A. E., Siu, A. L., Wieland, G. D., Adams, J., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (1993). Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. The Lancet, 342(8878), 1032-1036.
نام‌های دیگر	Reisberg GDS, GDS Staging Scale, Reisberg Stages, Seven-Stage Dementia Staging	CGA, Geriatric Assessment, Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Evaluation
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) is a seven-stage clinical staging instrument that locates an older adult along the continuum of cognitive decline, from no impairment through very severe dementia. Introduced by Barry Reisberg and colleagues in 1982, it was designed to give clinicians and researchers a shared, ordinally graded vocabulary for the natural history of primary degenerative dementia, most prominently Alzheimer's disease. Rather than producing a numeric test score, the GDS asks the assessor to match a patient's cognitive, functional, and behavioral picture — gathered through clinical interview and informant report — to one of seven prototypical stage descriptions. Stages 1 to 3 cover the spectrum from normal cognition through subjective and then mild objective decline, stage 4 marks the threshold of clinically diagnosable dementia, and stages 5 to 7 trace the progression through moderate, moderately severe, and severe disease toward total dependence. Because the stages are ordered and clinically anchored, the GDS supports tracking decline over time, communicating prognosis, and stratifying patients in trials and care planning. It remains one of the most widely used global staging tools in gerontology and is often paired with the companion FAST and BCRS instruments from the same group.	Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process that evaluates an older person's medical, functional, cognitive, psychological, social, and environmental status and translates the findings into a coordinated, monitored plan of care. Rather than treating a single presenting complaint, CGA assumes that vulnerability in late life is multifactorial and that problems in one domain spill over into others. Stuck and colleagues' landmark 1993 meta-analysis of controlled trials showed that CGA is not merely descriptive: when it includes control over the implementation of recommendations and structured follow-up, it reduces mortality, increases the chance of living at home, and improves physical and cognitive function. The same synthesis clarified that assessment alone, without the power to act on findings and to follow patients over time, yields little benefit. CGA thus reframed geriatric care around systematic, team-based evaluation linked to action. It became the organizing model for geriatric medicine units, outpatient geriatric clinics, and home-assessment programs worldwide. The method is best understood as a process, not a single scale, even though it is built from many validated instruments.