مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Gini Coefficient	Shapley Decomposition of Inequality
حوزه	Sociology	اقتصاد
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1912	2013
پدیدآور	Corrado Gini	Anthony Shorrocks (working paper 1999; published 2013)
نوع	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality	Axiomatic decomposition procedure
منبع بنیادین	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.	Shorrocks, A. F. (2013). Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: a unified framework based on the Shapley value. Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(1), 99–126.
نام‌های دیگر	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G	Shapley Decomposition, Shorrocks Shapley Decomposition, Factor Decomposition of Inequality, Shapley Value Distributional Decomposition
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.	The Shapley decomposition, formalized for distributional analysis by Anthony Shorrocks (in a widely circulated 1999 working paper, published in 2013), is a general procedure for attributing an inequality or poverty statistic to its contributing factors — income sources, population subgroups, or determinants. It borrows the Shapley value from cooperative game theory: each factor's contribution is its average marginal effect on the indicator across all possible orders in which factors could be eliminated. The result is an exact, symmetric, residual-free decomposition that applies to any indicator, even those (like the Gini) that have no natural analytic decomposition of their own.