مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پرسشنامه اضطراب سالمندان	مقیاس تعامل اجتماعی
حوزه	سالمندشناسی	سالمندشناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2007	2000s
پدیدآور	Nancy A. Pachana	Various
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report scale of social engagement
منبع بنیادین	Pachana, N. A., Byrne, G. J., Looi, J. C., Krishnan, V., & Hilbert, M. M. (2007). Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Int Psychogeriatr, 19(1), 103-114.	Paulson, D., & Willig, C. (2008). Older adults' engagement with online information about health: web site accessibility, usefulness, and trust. Gerontology, 54(5), 523-533.
نام‌های دیگر	GAI	SES, Social Engagement Score
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire developed by Pachana and colleagues in 2007 to assess anxiety symptoms specifically in older adults. Designed to address the limitations of general anxiety scales in detecting anxiety in older populations—where anxiety may present atypically or be masked by somatic complaints and medical comorbidities—the GAI focuses on cognitive and affective symptoms of anxiety with minimal emphasis on physical symptoms. It is widely used in geriatric practice, mental health clinics, and research to screen for and evaluate anxiety disorders in seniors.	The Social Engagement Scale (SES) is a brief self-report measure assessing the frequency and quality of social contact and participation in social activities in older adults. While multiple versions exist (developed by various researchers in gerontology), the core concept measures social connection—the degree to which individuals maintain relationships with family and friends, participate in community activities, and feel engaged with others. The SES is used in research, clinical gerontology, and public health to evaluate social isolation risk, predict mortality and health outcomes, and measure outcomes of social intervention programs.