مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Gender Parity Index	Occupational Gender Segregation Index
حوزه	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2003	1955
پدیدآور	UNESCO Institute for Statistics	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan
نوع	Ratio-based parity indicator	Distributional segregation index
منبع بنیادین	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.
نام‌های دیگر	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index	Duncan Dissimilarity Index, Index of Dissimilarity, Sex Segregation Index
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.	Occupational gender segregation indices measure how unevenly women and men are distributed across occupations. The most widely used is the Duncan and Duncan index of dissimilarity, introduced in 1955, which gives the share of women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the two distributions to match. Together with margin-free alternatives and decompositions into horizontal and vertical components, these indices are the standard tools for quantifying the sex segregation of labour markets.