مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تنظیم پیش‌رو (معیار پیش‌رو)	الگوریتم‌های کشف علّی (PC, FCI, LiNGAM)	شناسایی علّی با استفاده از گراف‌های جهت‌دار بدون دور (حساب do)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1995	2000	2009
پدیدآور	Judea Pearl	Spirtes, Glymour & Scheines (PC/FCI); Shimizu et al. (LiNGAM)	Judea Pearl
نوع	Causal identification (graphical adjustment)	Causal structure learning	Causal identification framework
منبع بنیادین	Pearl, J. (1995). Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research. Biometrika, 82(4), 669-688.	Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction, and Search (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262194402	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606
نام‌های دیگر	frontdoor criterion, Pearl's frontdoor adjustment, frontdoor formula, Ön Kapı Düzenlemesi (Frontdoor Adjustment)	PC algorithm, FCI algorithm, LiNGAM, causal structure learning	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)
مرتبط	4	5	5
خلاصه	Frontdoor adjustment is Judea Pearl's graphical identification strategy, introduced in 1995, that recovers the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome through a fully mediating variable even when an unobserved confounder sits between the treatment and the outcome. It is the go-to tool when the backdoor criterion cannot be satisfied because the confounder is unmeasured.	Causal discovery is a family of algorithms that automatically learn a directed acyclic graph (DAG) describing causal structure directly from observational data. The constraint-based PC and FCI algorithms were developed by Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines (2000), while the LiNGAM model of Shimizu et al. (2006) exploits linear non-Gaussian structure to orient edges.	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.