مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمایش عاملی کسری	آزمایش فاکتوریل کامل
حوزه	طراحی آزمایش	طراحی آزمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1945 (Finney); broader development 1950s–1970s by Box, Hunter	1926 (Fisher's foundational paper); codified by the 1950s–1960s
پدیدآور	D. J. Finney (formal development); foundations in Ronald Fisher's factorial design work	Ronald A. Fisher
نوع	Quantitative experimental design	Experimental design
منبع بنیادین	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130
نام‌های دیگر	fractional factorial design, FFD, 2^(k-p) design, fractional replication	full factorial design, complete factorial design, 2^k factorial design, FFD
مرتبط	4	6
خلاصه	A fractional factorial experiment is a resource-efficient experimental design that tests only a carefully chosen fraction of all possible factor-level combinations. By exploiting the principle that high-order interactions are usually negligible, it identifies the main effects and low-order interactions of k factors using far fewer runs than a full factorial design — making it the workhorse of industrial and engineering screening experiments.	A full factorial experiment runs every possible combination of all chosen factor levels, making it the gold standard for simultaneously estimating main effects, two-way interactions, and higher-order interactions among multiple independent variables. Introduced through Ronald Fisher's foundational work on factorial designs in the 1920s and systematised by Box, Hunter, and Montgomery, it provides complete information about how factors act individually and in combination on an outcome.