مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل گفتمان فوکویی	قوم‌نگاری	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s–1970s (The Order of Things 1966; The Archaeology of Knowledge 1969; Discipline and Punish 1975)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Michel Foucault	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Pantheon Books.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	FDA, Foucauldian analysis, genealogical discourse analysis, archaeological discourse analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	6	5	6
خلاصه	Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language, texts, and social practices produce knowledge, construct subjects, and exercise power. Drawing on Michel Foucault's archaeological and genealogical frameworks, FDA investigates the historical and institutional conditions that make certain statements possible, acceptable, and 'true' while silencing others. It is widely applied in critical social science, health, education, and policy research to expose how dominant discourses shape what can be said, known, and done within a given social field.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.