مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Forced Migration Needs Assessment	Migrant Stock Estimation
حوزه	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2015	1983
پدیدآور	Inter-Agency Standing Committee (MIRA framework)	United Nations Population Division (standard measurement conventions)
نوع	Rapid multi-sector field assessment protocol for displacement crises	Cross-source pipeline for counting the resident migrant population
منبع بنیادین	Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2015). Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Guidance. Geneva: IASC.	United Nations (1983). Manual on Methods of Estimating Internal Migration (Manual VI). Population Studies No. 47. New York: United Nations.
نام‌های دیگر	Displacement Needs Assessment, Multi-Sector Rapid Needs Assessment, MIRA-Style Assessment, Humanitarian Needs Assessment	Foreign-Born Stock Estimation, International Migrant Stock, Migrant Population Counting, Stock-Based Migration Measurement
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	A forced-migration needs assessment is the structured, rapid process humanitarian actors use to understand what a displaced population urgently needs in the chaotic first days and weeks of a refugee or displacement crisis. Its reference standard is the Inter-Agency Standing Committee's Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) framework, codified in 2015, which coordinates many agencies behind a single, comparable picture of needs rather than a scatter of overlapping, sector-specific surveys. The method is deliberately a pipeline: it begins with a secondary-data review that mines everything already known — pre-crisis baselines and early situation reports — to define what is still unknown; it then collects rapid primary data across sectors such as food, water, shelter, health, and protection through key-informant interviews, direct site observation, and reports from the affected people themselves; it converts these into standardized severity scores; and it ranks needs to prioritize the response. Because conditions are fluid and access is constrained, the assessment trades statistical precision for speed, coordination, and decision-relevance, producing a shared analytical basis for an inter-agency humanitarian appeal and response plan.	Migrant stock estimation answers a deceptively basic question: how many migrants are living in a place at a given moment? Unlike migration flows, which count moves over an interval, a stock is a cross-sectional count of people whose origin differs from their place of residence — most commonly the foreign-born, but sometimes the foreign-national or those who have lived abroad. The United Nations measurement conventions, set out in its migration manuals, fix the core definitions (place of birth versus citizenship, duration thresholds, usual residence) and the at-risk concepts that make stocks comparable. In practice the analyst rarely has one clean source: censuses give place-of-birth tables but miss recent or irregular arrivals, population registers give continuous citizenship-based counts but vary in how they handle departures, and surveys give detail but suffer sampling error. Migrant stock estimation is therefore a pipeline that compiles these sources, harmonizes their differing definitions and geographies, and adjusts for undercount, overstay, and double counting, drawing on the same comparability concerns Bell and colleagues raised for internal migration. The output — a coherent count of migrants by origin, age, and sex — underpins integration policy, flow estimation, and the denominators of countless migration indicators.