مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری متمرکز	پژوهش مطالعه موردی	قوم‌نگاری	نظریه داده‌بنیاد
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–early 2000s (Knoblauch's systematic account, 2005)	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967
پدیدآور	Hubert Knoblauch (theorised and named); antecedents in applied medical and organisational ethnography	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
نوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
منبع بنیادین	Knoblauch, H. (2005). Focused Ethnography. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(3), Art. 44.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
نام‌های دیگر	problem-focused ethnography, short-term ethnography, rapid ethnography, focused field study	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
مرتبط	6	5	5	3
خلاصه	Focused ethnography is a condensed, problem-centred variant of classical ethnography in which a researcher with prior domain knowledge enters a specific social setting for a bounded period — typically days to weeks rather than months or years — to study one clearly defined issue or practice. Developed as a response to the time and resource constraints of applied research, it is widely used in healthcare, organisational studies, and professional education, where the researcher's existing familiarity with the setting allows rapid, targeted data collection without sacrificing ethnographic depth.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.