مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پاسخگویی به پرسش با تنظیم دقیق	طبقه‌بندی مبتنی بر بِرْت
حوزه	یادگیری عمیق	یادگیری عمیق
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	2016–2019	2019
پدیدآور	Devlin et al. (BERT); Rajpurkar et al. (SQuAD benchmark)	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (Google AI Language)
نوع	Transfer learning / fine-tuning for extractive or generative QA	Pre-trained language model with fine-tuning
منبع بنیادین	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019, 4171–4186.	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019 (pp. 4171–4186). Association for Computational Linguistics.
نام‌های دیگر	fine-tuned QA, neural QA with fine-tuning, extractive QA fine-tuning, reading comprehension fine-tuning	BERT classifier, BERT fine-tuning for classification, BERT text classification, BERT-CLS
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	Fine-Tuned Question Answering adapts a large pre-trained language model — such as BERT, RoBERTa, or a GPT-family model — to answer natural-language questions over a given context passage or knowledge base. The model learns to locate answer spans or generate free-form answers by continuing training on labeled QA pairs after general-purpose pre-training.	BERT-based Classification fine-tunes Google's Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model on a labelled text dataset, replacing the generic pre-trained head with a task-specific classification layer. It exploits deep bidirectional context from hundreds of millions of pre-trained parameters to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on short- and medium-length text classification tasks with relatively modest amounts of labelled data.