مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تاریخ شفاهی میدانی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s–1970s (modern oral history movement)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Paul Thompson; Alessandro Portelli (theoretical elaboration)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative fieldwork design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Thompson, P. (2000). The Voice of the Past: Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0192893888	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	oral history fieldwork, in-situ oral history, community oral history, field oral history	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Field-based oral history is a qualitative research design in which in-depth narrative interviews are conducted on-site — at the community, location, or setting that is historically or experientially significant to participants. By situating interviews in the actual field rather than a laboratory or office, the approach activates contextual memory, enriches description, and grounds personal testimony in the material landscape it references. It is widely used in history, anthropology, sociology, and heritage studies.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.