مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل استعاره مبتنی بر میدان	تحلیل محتوا	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s (field-based applications)	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Rooted in Lakoff & Johnson (1980); field-based application developed across educational and social science research from the 1990s onward	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative analytic method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	field metaphor elicitation, naturalistic metaphor analysis, contextual metaphor analysis, FbMA	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5	5
خلاصه	Field-based metaphor analysis is a qualitative method that collects and interprets spontaneous or elicited metaphors from participants in their natural settings. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory, it reveals how individuals and communities structure abstract concepts — such as teaching, leadership, or illness — through figurative language encountered or produced in real contexts. Unlike purely document-based metaphor studies, field-based variants combine data collection in natural field settings with systematic analytic coding.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.