مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری حداکثر تنوع مبتنی بر میدان	نمونه‌گیری موردی معمول
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990 (Patton); field application established through ecological and ethnographic practice in the 1990s–2000s	1980s (systematized in Patton 1990/2002)
پدیدآور	Michael Quinn Patton (maximum variation sampling); adapted for field research contexts	Michael Quinn Patton
نوع	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Maximum variation sampling discussed in Chapter 5] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711
نام‌های دیگر	field MVS, field-based purposeful maximum variation, maximum heterogeneity field sampling, diverse case field sampling	typical case selection, modal case sampling, representative case sampling, average case sampling
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Field-based maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy in which a researcher deliberately selects field sites, ecological plots, communities, or observational units that span the widest possible range of relevant characteristics. By maximising heterogeneity among selected units, the approach ensures that both common patterns shared across diverse conditions and unique features specific to particular contexts are documented, making findings robust across a broad spectrum of real-world variation.	Typical case sampling is a purposive strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that represent what is ordinary, normal, or most common within a target group. Rather than seeking outliers or the widest possible variation, the goal is to illustrate and communicate what a typical experience, program, or phenomenon looks like to stakeholders or audiences unfamiliar with it. The strategy is widely used in qualitative evaluation research and program reporting.