مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری حداکثر تنوع مبتنی بر میدان	نمونه‌گیری حداکثر تنوع
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990 (Patton); field application established through ecological and ethnographic practice in the 1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
پدیدآور	Michael Quinn Patton (maximum variation sampling); adapted for field research contexts	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
نوع	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Maximum variation sampling discussed in Chapter 5] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
نام‌های دیگر	field MVS, field-based purposeful maximum variation, maximum heterogeneity field sampling, diverse case field sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Field-based maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy in which a researcher deliberately selects field sites, ecological plots, communities, or observational units that span the widest possible range of relevant characteristics. By maximising heterogeneity among selected units, the approach ensures that both common patterns shared across diverse conditions and unique features specific to particular contexts are documented, making findings robust across a broad spectrum of real-world variation.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.