مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر میدان	قوم‌نگاری میدانی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundations); field-based variant prominent from 1990s onward	Early 20th century (Malinowski 1922; Geertz 1973)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith	Bronislaw Malinowski; Clifford Geertz (interpretive tradition)
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105713	Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465097197
نام‌های دیگر	field IE, field-based IE, institutional ethnography fieldwork, on-site institutional ethnography	fieldwork ethnography, immersive ethnography, ethnographic fieldwork, site-based ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Field-based institutional ethnography (field IE) is a qualitative approach that combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with sustained, immersive on-site fieldwork. Researchers enter real institutional settings — hospitals, schools, social service offices, prisons — to observe how everyday work practices are coordinated and governed by texts, policies, and ruling relations operating beyond the local site.	Field-based ethnography is a qualitative research design in which the researcher immerses themselves in a social setting or community over an extended period, observing and participating in everyday life to understand cultural practices, meanings, and social dynamics from an insider perspective. It is the classical form of ethnography, grounded in sustained physical presence at a research site, and distinguished from archival, virtual, or document-only approaches by its central reliance on direct, embodied fieldwork.