مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر میدان	قوم‌نگاری نهادی انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundations); field-based variant prominent from 1990s onward	1987 (IE foundational); critical applications prominent 1990s–2000s
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); critical variant developed through feminist and critical scholars
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105713	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010
نام‌های دیگر	field IE, field-based IE, institutional ethnography fieldwork, on-site institutional ethnography	Critical IE, critical-IE, institutional ethnography with critical orientation, CIE
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Field-based institutional ethnography (field IE) is a qualitative approach that combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with sustained, immersive on-site fieldwork. Researchers enter real institutional settings — hospitals, schools, social service offices, prisons — to observe how everyday work practices are coordinated and governed by texts, policies, and ruling relations operating beyond the local site.	Critical institutional ethnography (CIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with an explicit critical theory lens to investigate how ruling relations, texts, and institutional discourses reproduce inequality and power asymmetries. Starting from the lived experiences of people positioned within or subordinated by institutions, CIE traces how abstract institutional processes coordinate everyday life and subjects those processes to normative critique aimed at social transformation.