مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل گفتمان مبتنی بر میدان	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1980s–1990s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Synthesised from Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and discourse analysis; systematised by researchers including John Frow	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative analytical framework	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978-0674510302	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	field discourse analysis, Bourdieusian discourse analysis, sociological discourse analysis, FDA	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Field-based discourse analysis integrates Pierre Bourdieu's sociological concept of the field — a structured social space of positions, capital, and struggle — with the close textual methods of discourse analysis. Rather than treating language as a neutral medium, it examines how discourse is produced, circulated, and received within specific social fields (education, law, journalism, science, etc.), and how discursive choices reflect and reproduce the distribution of power and capital within those fields.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.