مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی مبتنی بر میدان	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1999–2001	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Norman Fairclough and Lilie Chouliaraki (synthesis with Bourdieu's field theory)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative critical discourse framework	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978-0674510357	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	Field-theoretic CDA, Bourdieusian CDA, sociological CDA, field-oriented discourse analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Field-based Critical Discourse Analysis (Field-based CDA) integrates Pierre Bourdieu's sociological concept of the field — structured social spaces with their own rules, capital, and positions — with the linguistic and critical tools of Critical Discourse Analysis. The approach examines how language constructs, legitimates, and contests power relations within specific institutional or social fields, situating texts in their broader sociological context rather than treating discourse in isolation.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.