مقایسهٔ روشها
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| نظریه دادهبنیاد سازهانگارانه مبتنی بر میدان× | قومنگاری متمرکز× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | کیفی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 2000s (Charmaz 2006; fully articulated by 2014) | Late 1990s–early 2000s (Knoblauch's systematic account, 2005) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Kathy Charmaz (constructivist variant); fieldwork orientation drawn from symbolic interactionist tradition | Hubert Knoblauch (theorised and named); antecedents in applied medical and organisational ethnography |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research design and analytic approach | Qualitative research method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761973522 | Knoblauch, H. (2005). Focused Ethnography. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(3), Art. 44. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | field-based CGT, constructivist GT with fieldwork, situated grounded theory, Charmaz-field grounded theory | problem-focused ethnography, short-term ethnography, rapid ethnography, focused field study |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | Field-based constructivist grounded theory integrates Kathy Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory with active fieldwork in natural settings. Rather than relying solely on retrospective interviews, the researcher enters the participants' world — observing, interacting, and collecting data where social processes unfold — while simultaneously coding and building theory. The result is a grounded substantive theory that is both empirically anchored in real contexts and epistemologically co-constructed between researcher and participants. | Focused ethnography is a condensed, problem-centred variant of classical ethnography in which a researcher with prior domain knowledge enters a specific social setting for a bounded period — typically days to weeks rather than months or years — to study one clearly defined issue or practice. Developed as a response to the time and resource constraints of applied research, it is widely used in healthcare, organisational studies, and professional education, where the researcher's existing familiarity with the setting allows rapid, targeted data collection without sacrificing ethnographic depth. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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