مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه زمینه‌مند کلاسیک مبتنی بر میدانی	قوم‌نگاری میدانی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1967 (Glaser & Strauss); field-based application codified from late 1970s onward	Early 20th century (Malinowski 1922; Geertz 1973)
پدیدآور	Barney G. Glaser (classic GT); field-based variant draws on naturalistic inquiry traditions	Bronislaw Malinowski; Clifford Geertz (interpretive tradition)
نوع	Qualitative theory-generating design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Sociology Press.	Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465097197
نام‌های دیگر	Glaserian grounded theory in naturalistic settings, classic GT field study, field-based GT, naturalistic classic grounded theory	fieldwork ethnography, immersive ethnography, ethnographic fieldwork, site-based ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Field-based classic grounded theory applies Barney Glaser's original (Glaserian) grounded theory method within naturalistic, in-situ settings — combining sustained field immersion with the classic GT emphasis on emergence, theoretical sensitivity, and the constant comparative method. The researcher enters the social scene without a predetermined framework, collects data through observation and naturalistic interviews, and allows a substantive theory to surface inductively from the field rather than imposing conceptual structure in advance.	Field-based ethnography is a qualitative research design in which the researcher immerses themselves in a social setting or community over an extended period, observing and participating in everyday life to understand cultural practices, meanings, and social dynamics from an insider perspective. It is the classical form of ethnography, grounded in sustained physical presence at a research site, and distinguished from archival, virtual, or document-only approaches by its central reliance on direct, embodied fieldwork.