مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه زمینه‌مند کلاسیک مبتنی بر میدانی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1967 (Glaser & Strauss); field-based application codified from late 1970s onward	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Barney G. Glaser (classic GT); field-based variant draws on naturalistic inquiry traditions	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative theory-generating design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Sociology Press.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	Glaserian grounded theory in naturalistic settings, classic GT field study, field-based GT, naturalistic classic grounded theory	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Field-based classic grounded theory applies Barney Glaser's original (Glaserian) grounded theory method within naturalistic, in-situ settings — combining sustained field immersion with the classic GT emphasis on emergence, theoretical sensitivity, and the constant comparative method. The researcher enters the social scene without a predetermined framework, collects data through observation and naturalistic interviews, and allows a substantive theory to surface inductively from the field rather than imposing conceptual structure in advance.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.