مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی میدانی	قوم‌نگاری میدانی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970s–1990s (formalized by Yin 1984, Stake 1995)	Early 20th century (Malinowski 1922; Geertz 1973)
پدیدآور	Robert Yin, Robert Stake (case study formalization); field-based tradition rooted in anthropological and sociological fieldwork	Bronislaw Malinowski; Clifford Geertz (interpretive tradition)
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465097197
نام‌های دیگر	fieldwork case study, naturalistic case study, in-situ case study, field case study	fieldwork ethnography, immersive ethnography, ethnographic fieldwork, site-based ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A field-based case study is a qualitative research design that investigates a bounded phenomenon — a case — within its real-world, natural setting through sustained on-site data collection. Combining the analytical structure of case study methodology with the direct observational immersion of fieldwork, it enables rich, context-sensitive understanding of how phenomena unfold in practice. The approach is firmly grounded in the frameworks of Robert Yin and Robert Stake and draws on anthropological traditions of participant and non-participant observation.	Field-based ethnography is a qualitative research design in which the researcher immerses themselves in a social setting or community over an extended period, observing and participating in everyday life to understand cultural practices, meanings, and social dynamics from an insider perspective. It is the classical form of ethnography, grounded in sustained physical presence at a research site, and distinguished from archival, virtual, or document-only approaches by its central reliance on direct, embodied fieldwork.