مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس سنجش اثربخشی سقوط بین‌المللی (FES-I)	شاخص کاتز برای استقلال در فعالیت‌های روزمره زندگی (ADL)
حوزه	پرستاری	پرستاری
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005	1963
پدیدآور	Lucy Yardley	Sidney Katz
نوع	Patient self-report questionnaire	Clinician-rated or observational functional assessment
منبع بنیادین	Yardley, L., Beyer, N., Eklund, K., et al. (2005). Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing, 34(6), 614-619.	Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.
نام‌های دیگر	FES-I, International Falls Efficacy Scale, Falls Self-Efficacy	Katz Index, Katz ADL Scale, Index of ADL
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), developed by Lucy Yardley and colleagues in 2005, is a validated tool measuring fear of falling and confidence in balance in older adults and others at risk of falls. The 16-item scale assesses how confident a person feels performing daily activities without falling (self-efficacy for fall avoidance). Fear of falling is not anxiety disorder but a rational concern that, if excessive, can lead to activity restriction, deconditioning, and further fall risk. The FES-I is used internationally in clinical practice and research to identify patients at risk for this vicious cycle and guide fall prevention interventions.	The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, developed by Sidney Katz and colleagues in 1963, is one of the earliest and most widely used tools for assessing functional status in older adults and persons with chronic illness. The scale evaluates six essential self-care activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, continence, feeding) through direct observation or interview and assigns an overall grade (A through G) reflecting the degree of independence. It remains a foundational instrument in geriatric assessment, rehabilitation medicine, and long-term care settings.