مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل حالات شکست و اثرات آن (FMEA)	تحلیل درخت خطا (FTA)
حوزه	طراحی آزمایش	قابلیت اطمینان
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s	1981
پدیدآور	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
نوع	Proactive risk analysis technique	Deductive top-down failure analysis
منبع بنیادین	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
نام‌های دیگر	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
مرتبط	6	3
خلاصه	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.