مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل عاملی برای توسعه مقیاس	مقیاس گاتمن
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1947	1944
پدیدآور	Louis Thurstone	Louis Guttman
نوع	Exploratory factor analysis methodology	Cumulative unidimensional scaling methodology
منبع بنیادین	Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple-Factor Analysis: A Development and Expansion of the Vectors of Mind (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226797557	Guttman, L. (1944). A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review, 9(2), 139-150.
نام‌های دیگر	Exploratory factor analysis, EFA for scale development, Factorial structure analysis	Cumulative scale, Scalogram analysis, Guttman scaling, Unidimensional cumulative scale
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a statistical method for discovering the underlying dimensional structure of a set of items or variables. Pioneered by Louis Thurstone in the mid-20th century, EFA is widely used to develop and validate psychometric scales by identifying groups of items that correlate together, thereby revealing latent dimensions of the construct being measured. The method reduces item sets to a smaller number of interpretable factors.	Guttman scaling is a methodology for constructing unidimensional scales with a cumulative property, developed by Louis Guttman in 1944. The method assumes that items form a perfect or near-perfect hierarchy: if a respondent endorses a harder item, they must endorse all easier items below it. This creates a reproducible scale structure useful for measuring constructs with ordinal properties such as difficulty, intensity, or severity.