مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پیمایش حضوری	پیمایش آنلاین	پیمایش
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1930s–1940s (systematic survey era)	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)	Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s
پدیدآور	Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s)	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s
نوع	Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument
منبع بنیادین	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149
نام‌های دیگر	personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing	questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study
مرتبط	5	6	6
خلاصه	A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.	A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost.