مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| مشاهده مشارکتی حضوری× | پژوهش مطالعه موردی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | روششناسی پیمایش | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Early 20th century (Chicago School ~1920s; Spradley formalisation 1980) | 1984 (seminal codification) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Chicago School sociologists (Robert Park, Ernest Burgess); systematised by Raymond Gold (1958) and James Spradley (1980) | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative research design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019 | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | in-person participant observation, direct participant observation, fieldwork participant observation, co-present observation | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology |
| مرتبط | 5 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Face-to-face participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher physically enters a setting and engages with participants in real time to document social behaviour, interactions, and meaning-making as they naturally occur. Unlike online or remote variants, the researcher is bodily present, enabling direct sensory access to context, non-verbal cues, and the full texture of everyday life in the setting under study. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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