مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	یادداشت‌برداری میدانی حضوری	روش خاطره‌نویسی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Early 20th century (Malinowski ~1915–1922); codified by Emerson et al. 1995	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)
پدیدآور	Bronislaw Malinowski (systematic ethnographic fieldwork); Robert Emerson, Rachel Fretz & Linda Shaw (contemporary methodology)	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)
نوع	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415
نام‌های دیگر	in-person field notes, observational field notes, ethnographic field notes, fieldwork notes	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Face-to-face field notes are a foundational qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher is physically present in the setting and records observations, interactions, events, and contextual details in written form. As the canonical mode of ethnographic and observational research, in-person field notes capture the social texture, nonverbal cues, spatial arrangements, and moment-to-moment dynamics of real-world settings that remote or mediated data collection cannot fully replicate.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.