مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Eye-Tracking in Reading	Picture-Naming Task
حوزه	زبان‌شناسی	زبان‌شناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1998	1980
پدیدآور	Keith Rayner and the eye-movement reading-research tradition	Psycholinguists of word production (Joan Snodgrass; Willem Levelt)
نوع	Online measure of reading processing from eye movements	Online measure of lexical access in speech production
منبع بنیادین	Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372–422.	Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(2), 174–215.
نام‌های دیگر	Reading Eye-Tracking, Eye Movements in Reading, Eye-Movement Reading Paradigm	Picture Naming, Confrontation Naming Task, Object Naming Task
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Eye-tracking in reading records where readers look and for how long while they read text naturally, turning the eyes into a continuous index of comprehension. Reading is not a smooth glide but a sequence of brief fixations punctuated by rapid saccades and occasional regressions back to earlier words. By logging this pattern with millisecond precision, researchers derive measures — first-fixation duration, gaze duration, total reading time, regression-path duration, skipping rate — that reveal, region by region and stage by stage, where and how much the language system struggles. Established by Keith Rayner's research program, it is the gold-standard online measure of natural reading.	In the picture-naming task, participants see a pictured object and say its name aloud as quickly and accurately as possible. The time from the picture appearing to the onset of speech — the naming latency — together with the accuracy and type of response, indexes the cognitive route from seeing an object to retrieving and articulating its word. Because that route runs through conceptual preparation, lexical selection, phonological encoding, and articulation, the task is a central tool for studying lexical access in speech production, for probing bilingual word retrieval, and for assessing word-finding ability in aphasia and other clinical conditions.