مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مصاحبه خبره× | پژوهش گروه کانونی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | کیفی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1970s–1990s (methodologically systematized) | 1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s |
| پدیدآور≠ | Meuser & Nagel (methodological codification, 1991); roots in elite interview tradition (Dexter, 1970) | Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research method | Qualitative data collection method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (Eds.). (2009). Interviewing Experts. Palgrave Macmillan. link ↗ | Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | elite interview, key informant interview, specialist interview | focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması |
| مرتبط | 6 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | The expert interview is a qualitative method in which researchers conduct in-depth, semi-structured conversations with individuals who hold specialised knowledge, experience, or decision-making authority in a defined field. Unlike general population interviews that target subjective lived experience, expert interviews treat respondents as proxies for a broader institutional or professional knowledge domain. The method is widely used in policy research, organisational studies, science and technology studies, and applied social sciences to map tacit professional knowledge, reconstruct decision processes, and triangulate documentary sources. | Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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