مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مصاحبه خبره× | پژوهش عملیاتی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | کیفی | پژوهش کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1970s–1990s (methodologically systematized) | 1946 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Meuser & Nagel (methodological codification, 1991); roots in elite interview tradition (Dexter, 1970) | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research method | Method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (Eds.). (2009). Interviewing Experts. Palgrave Macmillan. link ↗ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | elite interview, key informant interview, specialist interview | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 1 |
| خلاصه≠ | The expert interview is a qualitative method in which researchers conduct in-depth, semi-structured conversations with individuals who hold specialised knowledge, experience, or decision-making authority in a defined field. Unlike general population interviews that target subjective lived experience, expert interviews treat respondents as proxies for a broader institutional or professional knowledge domain. The method is widely used in policy research, organisational studies, science and technology studies, and applied social sciences to map tacit professional knowledge, reconstruct decision processes, and triangulate documentary sources. | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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