مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Experience Sampling in Media Research	Psychophysiological Measures in Media Research
حوزه	Communication	Communication
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987	2004
پدیدآور	Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi & Reed Larson	Psychophysiology of media (Ravaja; Lang's tradition)
نوع	Momentary self-report of media use and experience in real time	Real-time physiological measurement of attention and emotion to media
منبع بنیادین	Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), 526–536.	Ravaja, N. (2004). Contributions of psychophysiology to media research: Review and recommendations. Media Psychology, 6(2), 193–235.
نام‌های دیگر	ESM for media use, Ecological momentary assessment of media, Media experience sampling, Medya Araştırmalarında Deneyim Örnekleme	Physiological measures of media response, Media psychophysiology, Biometric media measurement, Medya Araştırmalarında Psikofizyolojik Ölçümler
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The experience-sampling method (ESM), also called ecological momentary assessment, prompts participants at sampled moments throughout daily life to report what they are doing, using, and feeling right now. Applied to media research, it captures media use and its momentary correlates — mood, context, motivation — in real time and in situ, minimizing recall bias and revealing how media and experience interrelate moment to moment.	Psychophysiological measurement records the body's continuous responses — heart rate, skin conductance, facial muscle activity, and more — while people are exposed to media, providing real-time, covert indicators of attention and emotion. Reviewed for communication by Ravaja, these measures sidestep the biases of self-report and capture moment-to-moment processing as a message unfolds.